in the middle of the path, the sensation of snakes & scorpions, etc. crawling over their bodies. Salama said: "We — or rather the spirits — can make things materialise in this way; and so we can make them appear in any form we wish." He then said: "Kaliah is at work!" I immediately started again relating the phenomena which were occurring in the room & on the table, & gave a list of the sounds we had heard: knocking, brushing, picking, scratching, throwing, rapping, thudding, & the ticking of a clock. He said: "When rapping occurs, it is the spirits speaking; so are all the other sounds you have described." As to the clockticking: "The spirits have the power to make watches or clocks tick when they do not move." He said they have not the power to make anything actually happen, but to make sounds & to move objects. They can even move a table. The power to do this was not their own, but belonged to the person through whose body the spirit worked. It is the personality of the latter which is really being acted upon. The spirit can gain power over this personality & to use it to produce the phenomena, but the power is not the spirit's. The spirits can do anything they wish with the person, but they have no personal power. They are described as being like bees around a hive, making a great buzz, but yet powerless. The powers which they can exercise can only be exercised through a medium; but such medium may be in ignorance of what is passing through him. For most part the medium is entirely passive, & is used by the spirits for their own purpose. The power really comes from the medium, & is called forth by the spirit. An emanation from the body of the medium is what the spirits employ in producing physical phenomena. Because of this emanation a medium often feels something like water or smoke & sometimes leaves a peculiar odour behind. This can be something very nasty smelling, but this indicates a malevolent spirit. The spirits do not have any material organs; so they cannot speak or make any sound with their mouths. They do not speak with their tongues, but produce sounds by their breath. They have a certain power over the human tongue, which enables them to make it speak as they wish. They have no hands, nor can they touch anything. They can exercise this power over a man or an animal who is unconscious or under their control. As to whether the spirits of the dead can work with men & can produce these sounds, the Mohammedan of course believes that they can, but that they are unable to work physically. They can produce sounds & can make objects move.